Marketing Analysis Marketing Management - 1451 Words

â€Å"The issues confronting the political campaigner are strikingly like those standing up to the marketing supervisor. A set of associations in every space go after the dependability of the focused on business sector; the consumers/citizens are the decision makers, with their decision normally suggesting some level of responsibility; and the channels of correspondence and influence are practically vague† (Mauser, 1983). Similar to a corporate firm, the association of a political fight could be seen to include phases of selling orientations and marketing orientations (Wring, 1996). The offering idea is a typical business introduction that pushes utilizing forceful promotions and offering strategies, and is regularly utilized with†¦show more content†¦The second is Internal and External and External Assessment Analysis, followed by Strategic Marketing, which comprises of (STP) segmenting, targeting and positioning. Goal Setting and Communication and Distribution are the next steps which stem from the field of marketing communications. The last part of the map is the Key Markets and which involve revaluating the segments and planning for forthcoming results. This map evolution reflects the similar steps that are often taken in strategic marketing management in order to develop and implement marketing strategies (Meek, Meek and Ensor, 2002). One of the main political marketing techniques that this paper will be examining with the primary research deals with the area of marketing communications. Marketing communications is concerned with the promotion area of the marketing mix and includes the techniques that are used to promote the party and candidate image, messages and platform. Sponsorship, publicizing, selling, and e-marketing are just some of the communications techniques that are used (Smith and Taylor, 2004). Success of the marketing approach to politics depends on professional communications skills, especially unique public relations tactics. The idea is to venture the finest positive image of the political candidate and party (Moloney, 2004). If this is done properly, the profit can be increased, with the increment of supporters, which in turn leads to increment of voters and

Native American Storytelling Lit Paper Free Essays

Native American Storytelling November 12, 2012 ENG/301 Native American Storytelling Native American literature is the root of cultural storytelling, which is told through oral tradition, this consist of stories and songs verbally. Native American literature use literary conventions in the root of myth and symbolic examples in storytelling. The book â€Å"Native American Literature: A Brief Introduction and Anthology† gives good insight into the Native American ways of life and how storytelling is a part of that life. We will write a custom essay sample on Native American Storytelling Lit Paper or any similar topic only for you Order Now Short stories by Simon Oritz and Luther Standing Bear share life experience and cultural diversity. The reader can see how historical, social and political, and cultural ways play a role in the Native Americans storytelling. Storytelling is important in Native American literature. It began through â€Å"†¦both oral performances and in the imagination of written narratives, cannot be discovered in reductive social science translations or altogether understood in historical constructions of culture in one common name† (Vizenor, 1995, p. 1). Storytelling is the verbal source of stories; a well told story takes its reader on a quest or journey and well descriptive. â€Å"The metaphors in oral stories are mundane, abstruse, mysterious, unnamable, and more, but few collections in translation reveal the rich context of the songs and stories† (Vizenor, 1995, p. 7). Native American culture uses stories and songs to entertain as well as a way to teach the youth and inspire. Storytelling is an important tool in the Native American society. Storytelling is how Native Americans passed down the history, heritage, and traditions of their culture. Tragic wisdom is the source of native reason, the common sense gained from the adverse experience of discovery, colonialism, and culture domination† (Vizenor, 1995, p. 6). Native American literature use different types of literary conventions in storytelling traditions. According to Sinnaeve (2012) website, the Native American literary conventions are trickster, death, creation myths, and spiritual relationship to the land. â€Å"The trickster is an important literary and critical presence in contemporary Native American studies† (Cox, 2005, p. 252). Tricksters come in many forms â€Å"such as Raven, Spider and Coyote are haracters in Native American mythology who represent the underside of human nature† (Sinnaeve, 2012). â€Å"In this literary critical context, a trickster uses sleight of hand and tongue to evade, manipulate, and subvert the colonial world† (Cox, 2005, p. 252). In the poem â€Å"My Father’s Song† written by Simon Ortiz, the poem speaks of the importance of creation. The creation of life, land, and plantation, the story is about a boy who is learning to planet corn. â€Å"We planted corn one spring at Acu – we planted several times but this one particular time I remember the soft damp sand in my hand† (Ortiz, 1981/1995, p. 260). Within the field the boy and his father found a nest of mice, the father showed the boy how to gentle pick them up, and take them to the end â€Å"of the field and put them in the shade† (Ortiz, 1981/1995, p. 260). The purpose of literary conventions in storytelling helps to educate the new generation, â€Å"These stories have been carried down orally for generations, often by parents teaching their children about fundamental cultural truths† (Sinnaeve, 2012). The Native American people went through many changes throughout history, social and political, and cultural events. A social and political event was the education of young Native Americans. In 1879, many Native American children were put into the United States Government schools, to teach the youth of the White man’s ways and language. In the story â€Å"My People, the Sioux,† written by Luther Standing Bear, one learns of the hardship the children had to go through. â€Å"It is my desire that all people know the truth about the first Americans and their relations with the United States Government† (Bear, 1975/1996, p. 33). In this story Bear tells the reader how Native American schools began. A man name Captain Pratt though, to better the White people he should â€Å"†¦get some young Indians children and educate them† (Bear, 1975/1996, p. 4). The United States government approved the education of Native American children. Captain Pratt was not prepared to start school, â€Å"He brought some of the Indian prisoners from Virginia with him, and they remained in the Carlisle Barracks until Captain Pratt could go to Dakota and return with h is first consignment of ‘scholars’† (Bear, 1975/1996, p. 34). When the young Native Americans first arrived they had to sleep on the cold hard floor, later on they were given bags to fill up with straw to sleep on, but the children had to fill them up themselves. The children only had the blankets they brought from home. For breakfast the children had bread and water, and lunch meat, bread, and coffee. The children were all renamed with a white man’s name, but they were not taught how to pronounce the names. The author, Bear, was one of the first Native American boys to learn his name; in the story the reader can see how proud he was of his accomplishment. The children had their haircut as a White man’s haircut and soon after wore clothing as the White man. Bear and his cousin, although, bought White man’s clothes with the money their parents sent them. The Native American children choose a religion for themselves then attended Sunday school for those religions. â€Å"I did these duties all the time I was at Carlisle School, so in the early part of 1880, although I was a young boy of but twelve, I was busy learning everything my instructors handed me† (Bear, 1975/1996, p. 44). The root of storytelling is through the Native American culture. Storytelling takes the reader or listener on a journey of the culture and life experience of the people within the culture. Native Americans use literary convention, such as trickster, death, creation myths, etc. to create more allusion. It gives the story more purpose by teaching the reader through the story of the trickster character. Storytelling shares life experience, such as learning to read and write in Bear story â€Å"My People, the Sioux. † Although the reader can see how the White man treated the Native American children a bit harshly, the Native American children overcame it and received an education out of the experience. Native Americans use storytelling for different events and ways of life, such as pass down and education on the cultural history, traditions, knowledge, cares wisdom, morals, and lessons. Reference Bear, L. (1995). My People, the Sioux. In G. Vizenor (Eds) Native American literature. A brief introduction and anthology. New York, NY: Addison-Wesley. (Original works published in 1975) Bridges, K. (2011). South Ark: South Arkansas Community College. Retrieved from http://www. southark. edu/index. php/dr-ken-bridges/1392-united-states-since-1876 Cox, J. H. (2005). Living Sideways: Tricksters in American Indian Oral Traditions. Melus, 30(2), 252. Oritz, S. (1995). My Father’s Song. In G. Vizenor (Eds) Native American literature. A brief introduction and anthology. New York, NY: Addison-Wesley. (Original works published in 1981) Sinnaeve, V. (2012). Wise Geek. Retrieved from How to cite Native American Storytelling Lit Paper, Essay examples

Strategic Innovation Management-Free-Samples-Myassignmenthelp.com

Question: Analyze Comprehensively the Factors behind the Growth of Whattsapp to help Maysoom Understand. Answer: At the very initial stage of 2009 WhatsApp was primarily popular for one of the most popular free text messaging app where the user can send unlimited messages in free of cost in any geographical boundary. In the 2014, Facebook acquired this app. After being amalgamated with Facebook this particular application rendered numerous innovative strategy within the business process and became a major threats for some of its competitors like Skype, Siri and so many. It has been observed that the application like Skpe has already created a major market demand in the realm of digital media due to its video chat facility. Rothaermel (2015) stated that in order to become a major market threat WhatsApp has rendered voice call facility. With the help of these facilities, users can give call to any of the corners of different geographical boundaries. This particular innovation strategy has drawn the attention of billion of customers. In the end of year 2015, 27% of the users have been raised from the beginning of the year. At the same time, the realm of WhatApp is vast in range. As emphasized by Spieth, Schneckenberg and Ricart (2014), People belonging to different geographical markets would be able to communicate with each other by sitting at their drawing room. Therefore, the research and development team of WhatsApp has decided to fulfill the needs and demands of current market while designing their products as well as services. Tidd and Bessant (2014) opined that the market demand of Skype is high in range as the people can get the flexibility of making video call. Therefore, this particular application has become very much convenient and suitable to those people who stay far from their home country. However, at the end of 2016, WhatsApp has rendered video calling process as well. With the help of this video calling facility the people while communicating each other can view their facial expression. As per the pinion of West and Bogers (2014), users by sitting in different countries can make an easy communication by maintaining this video call. As a result, large number of customers who were very much dependent on Skype has shifted to WhatApp. The record says that a minimum number of populations from US are aware of the usage of WhatsApp. After the emergence of voice calling as well as video calling facilities, more than 41% of the US population has been aware of the usage of WhatApp. Reference List: Rothaermel, F.T., 2015.Strategic management. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill. Spieth, P., Schneckenberg, D., and Ricart, J. E., 2014. Business model innovationstate of the art and future challenges for the field.R and D Management,44(3), 237-247. Tidd, J., and Bessant, J., 2014.Strategic innovation management. John Wiley Sons. West, J., and Bogers, M., 2014. Leveraging external sources of innovation: a review of research on open innovation.Journal of Product Innovation Management,31(4), 814-831.

The Narmar Palette Essay Example For Students

The Narmar Palette Essay The Naqada III phase, also known as Dynasty 0, was a time when the process of state formation became highly notable in Egypt. This process presumably began as early as Naqada I and proceeded into Naqada III where named kings ruled powerful polities, though they were not part of any dynasty. During the Predynastic Period, ancient Egypt underwent a constant process of political unification that culminated in the establishment of a single monarch by the start of the First Dynasty. Among the many rulers of the Predynastic, King Narmer was the most prominent one because Egyptians of the First Dynasty considered him as a founder-figure ? (Wilkinson 23). It is also during the Predynastic Era that Egyptian language was written in the form of hieroglyphs. The Narmer Palette is one of many artifacts dating to Naqada III that is highly rich in hieroglyphic depictions, as well as iconographic representations. Until today, the Narmer Palette is the most important document pertaining to the unification of Upper and Lower Egypt and an icon representing ancient Egypt as a nation. We will write a custom essay on The Narmar Palette specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now The Narmer Palette dates to Naqada III, which is roughly around 3,000 B. C. The Palette was unearthed in the main deposit ? in a temple enclosure at Hierakonpolis, the Predynastic capital of Upper Egypt (southern Egypt). Hierakonpolis was also recognized as the center of worship for the god Horus. The Palette is about 64 centimeters in height and it is carved out of dark green-colored schist in raised relief. It has the shape of a shield and is decorated on both the front and back. There are numerous decorations on both sides that consist of animals, people (both dead and alive), weaponry and different types of hieroglyphs. Each side is also divided into three horizontal zones with the use of thick and thin register lines. These register lines help organize its complex nature and according to Davis, the images are to be read ? in a specific way. This indicates that the Palette itself serves as a complex narrative representation ? (20). At first glance, the viewer is able to see all the fine details within the artwork and such precision exudes the amount of skill and time that is needed in making this type of object. When an art form requires a great level of skill and time, it is usually made for ritualistic purposes, not for mundane use. Therefore, it is possible that the Palette had a ceremonial ? or liturgical ? nature (Davis 18). The shape, size, amount of decorations and the fact that it has been well preserved for nearly five millennia suggests that the Palette was set up for display in a residence, temple, or public place, or stored and used on special ritual occasions ? (18). The Narmer Palette consists of different animalistic iconography on both surfaces. The top edges of both the front and back are decorated with two forward bovid heads each. These heads have human faces, with each face showing a different expression of the mouth and eyes than the one preceding it and they also differ in the way they fill their bounded space. (Fairservise Jr. 7). For example, the bovid on the top left of the right side palette is slightly bigger than the one on the right side. The massive size and curves of the horns suggest that these animals could be buffalos (7). They are sometimes recognized as Hathor, which is the divine mother of the Egyptian Pharaoh, or as the cow-goddess Bat ? (Davis 30). It is possible that these bovids are more likely representing Narmer and stressing his power and strength (Fairservise Jr. 7). Between the two bovids on both palette sides is a figure that is referred to as a serekh. A serekh is an iconographic element typical of the Archaic Period that was used to represent the Horus names of leaders/kings. The serekh on the Narmer Palette looks like a niched palace faA §ade (5). Within the serekh are two hieroglyphs, the nar-fish and mer-chisel?, which stand for Narmers name. The top edges of both sides are separated from the rest of the zones on the Palette by thin horizontal register lines (Davis 31). The middle zone on the left obverse shows two serpopards. ? These creatures are mythological because they are a mix between a leopards body and a serpents neck. They are shown with their serpent necks intertwined in a way where they form a concave circular area known as a cosmetic saucer ? (Davis 41). On cosmetic palettes this circular region was where the cosmetics were put for use (Ancient-Egypt). Two men, who are thought to be the kings followers, are shown tightening a loop around the serpopards necks very easily. This tying together of the necks and the taming of these wild creatures has often been translated as the representation for unifying Upper and Lower Egypt under Narmers rule (Ancient-Egypt). However, Wilkinson describes the intertwined serpopards ? as symbolizing the opposing forces in nature that the king had to keep in check (28). .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .postImageUrl , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:hover , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:visited , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:active { border:0!important; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:active , .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u5886808c7bed91d6ca0eabeee415b0ef:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: The monist EssayThe last section of the Palette shows what looks like a bull possibly breaking into a fortified city. The bull here is represented more physically in comparison to the bovid at the top edges of the Palette. The fact that its head is pointing down shows that it is a powerful charging bull (Fairservise Jr. 17). The animal is shown trampling on a naked, longhaired person, perhaps an enemy who is trying to escape. Fairservise points out that the way the mans arms and legs are positioned exposes a sense of weakness and maybe even death (17). It is evident that Narmer is not depicted in this zone in human form, however he is embodied as a dominant fighting bull pursuing and conquering his enemy (Davis 33). The broken fragments to the right of the longhaired person represent the destroyed citadel or maybe even some sort of particular shrine for which the bull, or Narmer, is held accountable (Fairservise Jr. 17). Another animal one can notice on the right side of the Narmer Palette is the falcon or hawk. It is clear that the bird is lifting a head, which most probably is the head of one of Narmers enemies. Fairservise interprets this icon in greater detail by saying that the falcons represented on palettes found in Hierakonpolis represent the relationship between the cult god Horus and the king (10). The symbol of this falcon on the Narmer Palette therefore depicts the concept of Narmer being the living form of the god Horus. The falcon stands atop six papyrus plants, which indicates that it might be in a marshy land referencing the type of land in the Nile Delta (Ancient-Egypt). However, there have been different interpretations suggesting that the papyrus plant represents the number 1000 and that the falcon-king subdued 6000 enemies ? (Ancient-Egypt). The hawk is also represented having a human arm. This reinforces the idea that a hawk has the ability to seize, combined with the rulers identical ability to do so ? (Fairservise Jr. 10). Therefore, the human arm on the hawk combined with the rope attached to the humans nostrils represents the act of seizing not only a person but also a particular region. A viewer of the Narmer Palette cant help but notice the large motif that occupies the middle zone on the Palettes right side. Here, the human form of Narmer is represented at a much greater scale relative to the surrounding images because the idea of demonstrating dominance by comparative size is often a characteristic of royal superiority in Dynastic Egypt ? (Fairservise Jr. 9). One of the many notable articles of clothing is Narmers headdress. He is wearing the White Crown of Upper Egypt, which was worn by all other rulers of that region. He is holding a mace in one hand and preparing to strike the enemy that hes holding with his other hand. This is a depiction of Narmer as determinative ? because he is planning to smite his opponent who is labeled Harpoon ? (Fairservise Jr. 9). Beneath Narmers feet in the very last zone of the right side of the Palette, there are two naked figures that are looking over their shoulders and fleeing from the ruler. Fairservise says that these two figures appear to be swimming ? and the swimming ? posture is indicative of people running away from Narmer (11). The king is also wearing an artificial beard similar to the ones that other figures in the Palette are wearing, and according to Fairservise, artificially bearded individuals are considered chiefs, ? with Narmer being superior to them (9). When studying his facial features, it is obvious that Narmers eyes are very wide; his ears are circular and protruding forward, and his face structure overall is short and square relative to his body size. Narmer wears a plain shoulder piece that is attached to a skirt using a thick clasp suggesting that the skirt is made of a heavy type of fabric (possible leather) (9). The belt on the skirt has four bull-headed pendants and this is symbolically significant because it is an archetype for later sacred Pharaohnic clothing (Fairservise Jr. 10). Accompanying Narmer is a man who is carrying the kings sandals on his left wrist. Wilkinson says, It is likely that the highest offices of state were reserved for members of the royal family in the Early Dynastic Period ? (30). This statement accounts for the official who is preceding Narmer because it was possible that this bald man was recognized as the kings oldest son (30). .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .postImageUrl , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:hover , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:visited , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:active { border:0!important; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:active , .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692 .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .ud9bfedae6209bc92e2c3c971f00ac692:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Egyptian Art: Sakhmet EssayOther interpretations suggest that the man behind Narmer is a seal bearer as indicated by the rosette symbol (a royal emblem) and the club (Ancient Egypt Online). Narmer is represented in human form on the Palettes left obverse side in the second zone as well, however his image size is comparatively small than the human form on the right side. In contrast to the obverse side, here he wears the Red Crown of Lower Egypt. He holds a whip in his right hand and a mace in his left (Fairservise Jr. 13). Narmer wears similar clothing as he did on the recto side of the Palette. The belt is similar to the previously described one but Faiservise says that the skirt is decorated a little differently and that there is no symbolic significance; the purpose of the different decorations is meant to contrast the two robes of Narmer  ­ †one as an expression of power, the other, of affluence ? (10). This interpretation can be suggestive of the fact that Narmer has already conquered the region of Lower Egypt, hence why he is wearing the Red Crown; therefore, he does not need to show that he has power because that is already evident. Rather he is more interested in showing the wealth that his victory brings to him. Behind him is the bald man again holding Narmers shoes with the same rosette symbol depicted on top of him. In front of Narmer is what appears to be a woman holding two papyrus plants that are bending downwards. Her long hair and bare-shouldered dress indicate that she indeed is a woman. The fact that she holds an active stance in front of Narmer suggests that she is of royalty, perhaps Narmers queen (Fairservise Jr. 14). The four standing different figures in front of the king and woman are thought to be the various types of supporters of Narmer. There is a sparrow and a door see on the upper right corner and these two symbols together are thought to mean, found ? (Ancient-Egypt). The single boat seen next to the sparrow could represent one of the warships used during battle (15). Below the boat are ten dead bodies with each of the decapitated heads in-between the legs of the body that they belonged to. The bodies are also tied up around the elbows. The decapitated heads show that these men were wearing the artificial beards that were mentioned earlier. This indicates that these ten people were possibly former chiefs of Lower Egypt who were all defeated by Narmer (16). The lining-up of these ten executed bodies suggests that this might have been a way that Narmers administration performed a headcount of all the people that were killed during battle (Lecture 1/23/14). This entire scene perhaps depicts the founding of a new province in Lower Egypt, whose name is represented by the falcon and harpoon atop the single boat (Ancient Egypt). The Palettes use of such sophisticated iconic representation suggests that Predynastic Egypt had already developed its hieroglyphic system, as well as its stone-carving mechanisms in an outstanding way prior to King Narmers rule. As Fairservise says, the palette is a testament to the level of sophistication of both the Archaic iconography and hieroglyphic writing in general ? (20). It reveals the high artistic and symbolic level achieved throughout the Archaic Period. Today, the Palette rests in the Museum of Egyptian Antiquities in Egypt, Cairo. Though the art piece is taken out of its context, the Narmer Palette still offers its viewer a full illustrative textualization of a story pertaining to one of the most influential and well-known victories of not only the Predynastic Era but also the Archaic Period. Bibliography Whitney Davis. Narrativity and the Narmer Palette.   Narrative and Event in Ancient Art. Ed. Peter J. Holliday. New York: Cambridge University Press, 1993. 14-54. Print. W. A. Fairservis Jr. A Revised View of the NaÊ ¿rmr Palette.   Journal of the American Research Center in Egypt Vol. 28. (1991): pp. 1-20. JSTOR. Web. 28 Jan 2014. Toby A. H. Wilkinson. What a King Is This: Narmer and the Concept of the Ruler.  The Journal of Egyptian Archaeology Vol. 86. (2000): pp. 23-32. JSTOR. Web. 28 Jan 2014. The Narmer Palette. The Ancient Egypt Site. 8 June, 2013. Web. 27 Jan 2014. http://www.ancient-egypt.org/index.html Ancient Egypt: Early Dynastic Period-Narmer Palette. Ancient Egypt Online. 2010. Web. 27 Jan 2014. http://ancientegyptonline.co.uk/Narmerpalette.html

Our New Constitustion essays

Our New Constitustion essays Our new constitution is now established, and has a appearance that promises permanency; but in this world nothing an be said to be certain, except death and taxes. Benjamin Franklin I like this quote because I believe it is talking about the power of not taking things forgranted. Just because we as American citizens have been blessed for so many years with a government system that works, we still have to be careful and cautious. The constitution will only last as long as we as a nation decide that we want it to. It is not permanent. Our founding fathers realized this truth when they wrote it, and we as a people realize that today. Franklin also touches on the fact that nothing in life is certain. With it being close to September 11th I am reminded of how uncertain we were last year at this time. We werent certain that terrorists were going to threaten our nation, and even today we are not certain on whether or not our enemy is even alive. These uncertainties tend to challenge the way our government, and our constitution works- whether we realize it or not. Nothing in life is certain. We arent certain about what our day will bring when we awake in the morning. We arent certain if the Stock Market is going to go up, go down, or fall like it did in the early 1920s. The principle of uncertainty... Its life. And, thus it is with our constitution, even that is not certain; even that is not permanent. Franklin said it years ago... and today, it still holds true. ...

Beer Wars Essay Example for Free (#3)

Beer Wars Essay Essay Topic: War , Dogfish Head Brewery Choose cite format: APA MLA Harvard Chicago ASA IEEE AMA company About StudyMoose Contact Careers Help Center Donate a Paper Legal Terms & Conditions Privacy Policy Complaints Beer Wars is documentary about the American beer industry and how the 3 largest US breweries try to drive out the competition. This documentary covers how lobbyists are used to control the beer market and drive out smaller breweries such as Dogfish Head Brewery, Stone Brewery, and Moonshot: all producers of craft beer. The documentary describes how a 3 tier system was put into place to separate the powers of selling beer and prevent a monopoly but the laws that were put into place to prevent the monopoly, infact, promoted the size and strength of the largest beer corporations. An oligopoly was formed and maintained between Anheuser Busch, Coors, and Miller. Porter’s Five Forces Model is a business strategy that was covered in Beer Wars. Anat Barron described how difficult it was for small craft beer makers to be new entrants to the beer industry. When Anheuser Busch felt the least bit threatened, they had the capital and access to distribution channels that the smaller breweries did not have. The craft breweries found it greatly difficult to compete with the big 3 because they were not a substitute for the Big 3’s product, they were a small competitor. Anheuser Busch controlled the bargaining power because they were able to keep prices down due to their size and pockets while small craft breweries had to be more expensive because of the quality and care that went into it on top of having to pay a higher rate for ingredients compared to the other large corporations. To cite an example of the deep pockets that the big 3 had, Anheuser Busch came out with beer with caffeine in response to Moonshot beer, which was a craft beer (and the first of it’s kind). It can be viewed as theft but they had the pockets to Moonshot out. They targeted the bars and stores that carried Moonshot and gave them free cases of Anheuser Busch’s version of Moonshot beer. Though illegal some bars took it because it was free and busch had better prices to drive moonshot out. The intensity of competitive rivalry was at an all-time high when it came to Anheuser Busch trying to weed out the smaller breweries. The big 3 breweries managed to control the market share through advertising on tv , sponsorships, and on the store shelves through strategic placement of their product. The three tier system that separates the powers of selling beer delves into how lobbyists are used to control the beer market. Anheuser Busch uses their deep pockets to get rid of competition from small craft beer makers and control consumer choice. They purchase other beer corporations. Although only touched upon briefly towards the end of the film, Anat touched upon how Coors and Miller had to go into a 50/50 joint venture to compete with Anheuser Busch. Coors and Miller scanned the beer environment and realized that they could not keep a myopic view and hope for things to turn around. They knew that in order for each to survive, they needed to join forces. They were easier for Anheuser to take out individually but stronger as a whole. Beer Wars. (2017, Mar 04).

Construction Contract Law Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

Construction Contract Law - Research Paper Example Joint Contracts Tribunal (J.C.T), on the other hand, refers to another family of contracts custom-built for complex and large construction projects. This contract legally binds all the stakeholders working on the project from the employer to all the contracted individuals in the project (Rowlinson 2011, p. 4). Construction engineers are often at a crossroads when picking either of the two families of contracts. The differences are quite clear starting with the administrator or project manager of the project. In this essay will compare the two families of contracts to determine which is superior. The two contractual families, despite achieving similar results, have different approaches in handling a project’s stakeholders. The first major difference is how both contracts handle a project’s programme. The NEC contract, for instance, follows the last accepted programme in timing compensation (Eggleston & Eggleston 2006, p. 9). This Accepted Programme refers to the programme identified by the contract or the programme approved by the project manager. Once the project manager approves the latest programme, this programme will supersede all previous programmes. In the JCT 2011 contract, the master programme refers to the critical paths that the project must undergo during the course of the programme. In contrast to the NEC programme, the JCT 2011 programme is amendable during the course of the project (Chappell 2012, p. 62). The amendment period usually spans 14 days and the contractor is the one tasked with making the appropriate amendments. The second difference between the two contracts is the handling of time extension. The JCT contract, according to clause 2.27, states that delays that might occur during the Works the contractor is tasked with giving notice to the contract administrator (Chappell 2012, p. 38). The contractor is required to state the material circumstances that led to the causation of the delay. If an

The Impacts the opening of Terminal 5 has had on Terminal 3 and the Essay

The Impacts the opening of Terminal 5 has had on Terminal 3 and the Staff managerial structure - Essay Example Paton & McCalman (2008) in Change Management deal with the managers perspective in such change and state that the "problem more often than not is a less than competent management of the change situation." (p.39.) This competent management, as mentioned, was clearly lacking in the areas that we highlighted with respect to proper information being disseminated to the staff regarding their parking area, as well as the proper and effective management of the Information Technology process pertaining to the baggage sorting and handling. Paton & McCalman further state that the change management aspect is in fact a "multi-disciplinary activity" where key elements and skills that should be possessed and displayed include effective communication, maintaining motivation, facilitation and orchestration of group and individual activities, negotiation and influence and possibly most importantly the planning and control elements of the entire change. (p.40) Based on the results of the opening day o f Terminal 5, we believe that a number of these elements were in fact missing, especially that of the communication and the effective planning – this is displayed in the results that were produced on opening day. From the perspective of our research, the respondents mostly agreed that such change was required and in analyzing the size and complexities of BAs operations within Terminal 3 we believe that such change was needed. The respondents did not really reveal any negative feedback regarding such change, with the only notable feedback being that of the mentioned automation of deployment and the reshuffling of staff as well as the fact that the staff were no longer working in teams. These responses were not specifically relayed as negative but rather of how the situation is now. One has to accept that the company has employed technologically advanced means in

Materials and Inventory Essay Example for Free

Materials and Inventory Essay In the S, T, and P facilities, it has been identified that some of the manufacturing processes are related with one another. Due to the interrelatedness and the other problems seen from the different facilities, it is seen that a problem from one facility affects the others. This is observed to be especially true for the area of the management and inventory control. Materials management is oftentimes associated to inventory control and this is defined as the act of â€Å"managing the organization’s raw materials, work-in-process, finished goods, and products in-transit† (Griffin, 2002 as cited in Adam Sammon, 2004, p. 28). The primary focus of the materials and inventory management involve being accountable for all WIP and stock, coordination with the suppliers in order to organize production requirements, maintain a desirable inventory level, manage the processes related to physical inventory audits, establish automated forms of inventory systems, manage the condition and coding of the materials, coordinate with or manage the purchasing department, discuss with major suppliers regarding the prices and terms, choose new suppliers, ensure that the methods in existence are in sync with the changes in the environment (Charvet, 1997). The importance of these processes would lie on the need for materials and inventory in creating a long-term advantage in terms of competitive grounds (Jamal et al., 2007). Upon a review of the situation for the three facilities, there are several findings that are worth noting. First, the frequency as to when the accessory parts run out in S facility is seen to be declared on a habitual interval. The causes and implications of this could include that the T and P facilities are not able to meet the demands of the S facility because identification of the quantity is not fully carried out by the T and P facilities. Moreover, it could be that there are problems with the shipping schedule from the T and P facilities wherein the time as to when the accessories are needed in the S facilities is not clearly identified or unknown that is why shipments are not organized. Second, formal receipt of the materials needed for production in the T and P facilities is not present as well as a system in order to reflect this to have arrived at the T and P facilities in order to acknowledge the shipment from the S facility. The establishment of a system would also entail the need for the creation of a formal receiving dock where shipments pass through. It allows for the inspection of the shipments and the respective entry into the inventory system of the respective facility. Third, concerns arise, too, with the wasted productions due to malfunctioning equipment or wrong materials used. Incidences such as this could be experienced when routine maintenance on the equipment and evaluation of the materials is not carried out to ensure that errors are minimized. In light of the problems identified for the materials and inventory aspect, there are recommended measures that are used in order to resolve the problems. First, it is necessary for the facilities to have a computerized inventory system wherein the necessary parts are interrelated with one another. The benefit derived from having a computerized system for the inventory control is attributed to its ability to organize the data of the organization in an efficient manner and the reduced costs associated with inventory control (Palmer, 2005). Second, there is the need to provide for a receiving dock for the shipments wherein the materials shipped are immediately entered into the system to reflect both an acknowledgement receipt and confirmation to the other facility from which it came from. This makes inventory easier as it is done as the shipments are brought in which means that it is always update. Third, training with regard to the evaluation and maintenance of the equipment should be provided to the employees who are responsible for this. Likewise, there should be a regular schedule for assessment of equipment condition and materials to ensure that disruptions and errors are kept to a minimum. References Adam, F. Sammon, D. (2004). The enterprise resource planning decade: Lessons learned and issues for the future. Hershey, PA: Idea Group Publishing. Charvet, S. (1997). Words that change minds: Mastering the language of influence. (2nd ed. ). Authors Choice Publishing. Dubuque, IO: Kendall Hunt Publishing Company. Jamal, N. M. , Mastor, N. H. , Saat, M. M. , Ahmad, M. F. , and Abdullah, D. F. (2007). Cost and management accounting: An introduction. Johor Darul Ta’zim: Muapaat Jaya Percitakan Sdn. Bhd. Palmer,D. (2005). Maintenance planning and scheduling handbook. New York, NY: McGraw-Hill Professional.

The Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Usage Essay -- Exploratory Essays

The Benefits of Medicinal Marijuana Usage All ears were listening intently at what the professor had to say on the subject. Many viewers were in shock and disbelief at what some of the potential medical uses of marijuana are. At the conclusion of the lecture, many whispers filled the courtroom and the judge entered from behind his desk and sat down. Richard Johnson sat in silence waiting in anticipation to hear what he had to say. Johnson and his wife Ellen, were arrested August 24 and charged with numerous drug-related offenses. Authorities seized approximately 1,030 live and dead marijuana plants, worth between $300,000 and $900,000, at their house. The judge positioned his glasses on the tip of his nose and stated, " The Johnsons have pleaded guilty to one charge of cultivating marijuana for the use of terminal cancer patients in conjunction with their chemotherapy treatment. At this time you may be dismissed and this case will resume next week." Richard and Ellen were handcuffed and taken back to their jail cells where they had plenty of time to think about their mishaps. Outside the courtroom, Johnson's attorney, Roger Simms, said he hoped Harvard psychiatry professor's testimony Monday would educate people on various medical benefits of marijuana. Simms stated that there are many books on the subject containing the history of medical use dating back 3,000 years in China. The Chinese emperor, Shen Neng, introduced many pharmaceutical drugs including marijuana. Emperor Shen Neng prescribed marijuana tea for malaria, beriberi, rheumatism, and curiously, poor memory (Earleywine, M. 2002). Marijuana eventually spread from China to India. The sacred Indian text, Atharvaveda, listed marijuana as a holy pl... ...ana. New York: Oxford University Eustice, Carol. (2004). Medicinal Marijuana: A Continuing Controversy. Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://arthritis.about.com/cs/medmarijuana/a/ marijuanadebate.htm Medicinal marijuana: the struggle for legalization.(1997). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.cnn.com/HEALTH/9702/weed.wars/issues/background/ Medicinal Marijuana.(2000, August - September). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.hc-/sc.gc.ca/english/feature/magazine/2000_08/marijuana.htm Medicinal Marijuana. (2002). Retrieved March 11, 2004, from http://www.cannabis-/ seeds.biz/medicinal-marijuana.htm Roffman, R. (1982). Marijuana as Medicine. Washington: Madrona Pubishers Savage, David G. & Bailey, Eric. (2003, October). Medical Marijuana Cause Boosted. Retrieved March 30, 2004 from http://www.cannabisnews.com/news/thread 17573.shtml

Compare and Contrast Parliamentary Essay

Parliamentary and Presidential democracies are forms of government that similar in some respects and differ in others. The Parliamentary system like the Presidential is divided into three separate arms of Government, the Legislature, Executive and the Judiciary. Both democracies have a bicameral legislature, often referred to as the House of Representative and the Senate. The House of Representative is elected and the Senate is appointed by the Head of State on the advice of the Prime Minister in a Parliamentary type while both houses are elected by the people in the Presidential system. In the Parliamentary System, the Head of Government, referred to as the Prime Minister, is appointed by a vote of confidence from the House of Representative firstly along with the Attorney General and subsequently followed by the members of Cabinet. In a Parliamentary Democracy there is also a figurative head of state, normally the Queen or an appointed Governor General. In the Presidential System, the President who is separately elected by the people is both the Head of State and Head of Government. Presidents serve a fixed term and may not be removed except for cases where he does something illegal; while in Parliament, a Prime Minister may be removed by a vote of no confidence by his executive members or he may call an early election at any time and dissolve the house. Although the three branches exist in both types of government, it is evident that power is fused between the Executive and Legislature in the Parliamentary type. The Presidential System is otherwise well known for the separation of the Executive and the Legislative Agencies, with the President nominating and appointing his executive team of which no members of the elected legislature can be a member thereof. A Parliamentary Legislature makes and passes laws easily by virtue of always having a majority in the House. In the Presidential System, the Legislature and the Executives are able to create laws but must have a two thirds vote of the Legislature. The President also had the right to veto laws. Overall, the Caribbean should adapt to the Presidential Democratic System. Although it may seem very expensive to fund such type of government, it may cost less in the long term. The check and balance that a presidential system offers allows for less corruption and Executives to be held acc ountable of their actions. Policies and laws would be more accurate and  better evaluated having two separate Agencies in review of such nature. The Presidential system allows for more transparency which is one of the ultimate objectives of a democracy. References Read Also:   Compare and Contrast Essay Examples for College Parliamentary democracy is the type of government where the public vote government into power and parliamentarians are representative of the people. While a Presidential Democracy is when there is a system of government that has a president acting as the nation’s head of state and active chief executive authority. The similarities between the Presidential and Parliamentary model are: both are representative democracies, both have a head of state, both have a bicameral form of government and both are rule by constitution. There are also differences between the Presidential and Parliamentary model. In the Presidential Model, the president is the Executive body and is separated from the Legislature. President is voted by the people and also the Legislative Branch that is composed by theHouse of Representative and the senate. This means they have two elections. A president can only serve two four years term and is answerable to the people. In the Parliamentary Democracy there is an Executive power but is interdependent on the Legislation. The Prime Minister is appointed by the majority ruling party. Therefore there is only one election. The Prime Mister does not have a term limit as long as he has the support of it members. The Prime Minister will answer to Parliament. The Presidential Model has a head of state which is the President; for example in the United State it would be Obama. While the Parliamentary Model has a Head of State and Head of Government; for example in Belize the Head of State is the Governor General which represent the queen Sr. Colville Young and Head of government is the Prime Minister Dean Oliver Barrow. In Presidential Model dual political parties can exist in congress and on Parliamentary Model one political Party hold the majority party power. I believe that due to our history a nd the fact most countries in the Caribbean were once a colony of England the Parliamentary Model is best suited. Reference: What is a parliamentary democracy. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/question/what-is-a-parliamentary-democracy What is the definition of presidential democracy?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.ask.com/question/presidential-legislative-democracy? ad=SEO&an=SEO&ap=google.com.bz&o=102140 What is the difference between a parliamentary and presidential system of government?. (n.d.). Retrieved from http://www.wisegeek.com/what-is- the-difference-between-a-parliamentary-and-presidential-system-of- government.htm

Human resource management Policies and Principle Essay

HRM policies and principles contribute to the effectiveness, continuity and stability of the organization.† Human resource is the set of individuals who make up the workforce of an organization. Any successful organization does not owe its success solely to market realities and sustainable competitive advantages. Successful companies are those that consider their human resource as their most important asset.Human resource is thequalitative aspects, that actually make or break an organization. With this aspect in mind Human resource management becomes a top level priority issue for an organization. Human Resources Management (HRM) is the strategic management of the employees, who individually and collectively contribute to the achievement of the strategic objectives of the organization. Assuming that the employees of an organization are individuals with own mental maps and perceptions, own goals and own personalities, own capabilities HRM holds that the organization should be able to employ both individual and group psychology in order to commit employees to the achievement of organizational goals. The main goals / responsibilities of HRM are: †¢ To retain low employee turnover rate by inspiring people to work for the company †¢ To attract new employees †¢ To contribute to employee development In order to achieve these responsibilities each organization after collecting information and incidents from past experience, employees and other companys define their policies and principle. HRM policies are the guidelines which consist of the terms and conditions of the organization which should be communicated to every employ and which serves as a guide in time of decision making.Each organizations makes its own policy depending on its objective and work environment. Policies are not a hard and fast rules, each organization make policies which are somewhat flexible and can be modified with the consent of majority in order to benefit the organization. Following are some of the policies adopted by any organization and its contribution to effectiveness, stability and continuity of the organization: 1.Policy of hiring people with due respect to factors like reservation, age, marital status, sex and the likes 2.Policy on terms and conditions of employment – compensation policy and methods, hours of work, overtime, promotion,transfer, lay-off, retirement and the likes 3.Policy with regard to medical assistance-sickness benefits and ESI and company medical benefits 4.Policy regarding training and development-need for,method of, and frequency of training and development 5.Policy regarding housing, transport,uniform and allowances 6.Policy regarding industrial relations-trade-union recognition, collective bargaining, grievances procedure, participative management, and communication with workers. Hrm principles Principles are universal truths generally applicable to all organizations. Principles guides managers to formulate policies, programmes,procedures and practices. Following are some principles which any organization follow and how they contribute to the effectiveness, continuity and stability of the organization:- 1.Principle of individual deveploments to offer full and equal opportunities to every employee to realize his/her full potential. 2.Principle of scientific selection to select the right person for the right job 3.Principle of free flow of communication to keep all channels of communication open and encourage upward, downward, horizontal,formal and informal communication 4.Principle of participation to associate employee representatives at every level of decision making 5.Principle of fair remuneration to pay fair and equitable wages and salaries commensurating with the jobs 6.Principle of incentives to recognize and reward good performances 7.Principle of dignity of labour to treat every job and every job holder with dignity and respect 8.Principle ofoflabour management co-operation- to promote cordial industrial relations 9.Principle ofof team-spirit to promote co-operation and team-spirit among employees 10.Principle of contribution to national prosperity to provide a higher purpose of work to all employees and to contribute to national prosperity.

Gays in the media essays

Gays in the media essays Homosexuals are now the targets of a new frenzy; the media frenzy. The gay and lesbian demographic is taking huge steps toward total recognition and acceptance. The GLBT (gay, lesbian, bisexual, transgender) community is finding a voice in society. Additionally, marketers are finding that the community has deep pockets. It is estimated that the GLBT market has a buying power of $450 billion and that they make up about 10% of the population (Prince, 2003). If 10% is an accurate figure, this means that approximately 29 million people in the United States belong to the GLBT community. So do marketers ignore 29 million people with 450 billion dollars to spend? Of course they dont. Companies are fighting over the gay dollar. Subaru was the first automaker to market its cars specifically to gay and lesbian communities starting back in the mid-1990s. Subaru found that there were female heads of household that bought their cars. It turned out that most of these women identified as lesbian (Prince, 2003). They naturally started marketing to lesbians and it has been a successful plan. I have personally heard Subaru referred to as the lesbian vehicle of choice. Now, Ford has decided to try for a piece of the gay dollar. Ford has introduced a new Jaguar ad that targets the GLBT market. Ford did extensive research and now recognizes that gay consumers are well worth [their] time (Prince, 2003). The print ad shows a man, a winding road, and a picture of the Jaguar X-Type. The text reads, Life is full of twists and turns. Care for a partner? (Prince, 2003) The ad tries to convey meaning in two ways. The treacherous roads are easier to navigate with a well-equipped vehicle. There is also a more pers onal meaning. Gay peoples lives are often filled with twists and turns. Those twists and turns in life are sometimes easier to navigate with some help, namely a partner. ...

Case summary in operation management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Case summary in operation management - Essay Example Oftentimes it is related to ecological resources. Ecological sustainability is referred to as the company’s ability to use natural resources at its current pace without depleting the resources or supply it depends upon (Miranda, Kay 2014). The company in our case uses pine wood, results of which, according to research conducted, cause abiotic depletion, global warming, ozone layer depletion and other environmental damages. Recommended actions are to reduce resources used, substitution of fireboard with plywood, design and others that would contribute to sustainability of supply because use of wood is not sustainable. Since sustainability is everybody else’s responsibility, industry must set the lead by instituting process changes or designs, and it devise plans to minimize wastes and disturb the eco-system. It has been suggested that businesses must not focus only on sales and profit, but should include in their agenda a partnership with community to improve its relationship. Community relations would attract customers, more future sales and quality life for future generations.(Miranda, Kay 2014) The study showed that thru research are eco-friendly ways were found that can address sustainability of supply. For instance they came up with a way to disassemble the box for further use and arrived at designs that decrease its dependence on forest woods. For me, sustainability should start with company practices that are related with existing resources and collaboration with suppliers, government and community. Sustainability operation is a long term solution most of which are geared to the future and long-term survival of business. It also needs the government, as the custodial of the environment; say for example, landfills and waste management. Factories throw way a lot of toxic wastes and a ruling from the government eliminates this

Why do so many people return to college later in life Essay

Why do so many people return to college later in life - Essay Example The return to school is spurred by a variety of reasons; these include, increasing job security, and new skills to become more competitive in their respective business or career fields; without doubt, earning new academic qualifications opens up a whole new world of opportunities. This essay is aimed at examining, and discussing various reasons that motivate people to go back to school, even after many have already started their career. One of the driving factors behind the school returning wave is the economic meltdown that has resulted in increasing rates of unemployment; it has made it increasingly difficult for those who do not have degrees to get jobs. The unemployment gap is particularly explicit between those with degrees and those without, this situation make the idea of going to college become an increasingly attractive alternative. As a result, many of the high school graduates in the job market realize that the job market is not accommodating for them; thus, they opt to go back to school to get post high school qualifications. ... Employers, at times offer incentives to employees in their staff who that have furthered their education, besides; there are positions that can only be filled by people with special skills or academic qualifications such as masters and other higher educational diplomas (Shih). Indeed, in some organizations no matter how effective one is, absence of a college degree could prevent them from getting a promotion, either way, in most organizations; professionals with advanced degrees are often paid higher salaries than their colleagues. The bureau of labor statistics in the weekly earnings summary reported that a high school diploma holder earns around 621 dollars per week while a bachelor’s degree holder can earn around $1145 each week which is almost doubled the former (Schweitzer). Individuals with masters and doctoral degrees make even more with the averages ranging around $75,000 or more, the gap between the potential of high school diploma holder and a doctorial holder exceed s a million dollars in a lifetime. On the other hand, not all those who return to school, do it for the sake of acquiring promotions of formal employment; indeed there are many entrepreneurs and self-employed individuals who go back; , not of the credentials but for the skills acquired therein. When one starts a new business, they may feel the need to improve their skills in the field so that they are able to manage it better or to save on hiring specialists; furthermore, others get back to school so that they can meet new people in their fields. This is because going back to school avails the opportunity to make new connections and network, both which are vital aspects in

Human rights essay. none should be subjected to torture or to cruel, Essay

Human rights . none should be subjected to torture or to cruel, inhuman or degrading treatment or punishment - Essay Example The introduction contains an illustration of the history and evolution of torture in society and its contribution to the modelling of modern laws and possible future legislations. It also offers a brief look into the various forms of torture and the rationale and justification according to the times during which they happened and a convincing argument of their illogic and unjustly nature despite the immaturity of human laws at those times. The Introduction will also contain modern laws that are akin to torture and reasons why such laws should be reviewed. A brief summary of case scenarios in history of human punishment and the violation of human dignity through degradation, by action, writing or word of mouth will be highlighted. The conclusion will be a summation of the relevance and justification of the rights of all citizens against torture , inhumane ,derogatory treatment and punishment .It espouses a final view of the paper and its end remark as pertains to the essay`s ethical ,social and political spheres. Human torture is defined as the intentional cause of pain either physically, mentally or psychologically, causing injury to an individual who is in most circumstances under the control of the person causing the damage against his or her will (Donnelly 2008, p. 4). The act is aimed at obtaining certain information concerning another person or about the individual being tortured, as a form of repayment for either a past deed or for an action not done, as a form of threat or fright to force an individual to either do or not to do something. An act is usually considered torturous if such when done with the knowledge of or simple consent of an official in a state or non-state organized movement. Torture occurs in various forms .The length of time over which the torture lasts depends on a varied number of factors such as the type, the ability of the individual being tortured to resist the process, the frequent

The State Children's Health Insurance Program Essay

The State Children's Health Insurance Program - Essay Example Before the State Children’s Health Insurance Program (SCHIP) was enacted, Medicare and Medicaid was the only available, federally funded health insurance program offered by the government. Medicare was specifically designed to help the aged, the retirees, the survivors, and the disabled among others, pay for health care services like: inpatient hospitalization, home health care, hospice care, physician consult, outpatient hospital, prescription drugs, and the like (Klees, Wolfe, & Curtis, 2010). Medicaid, on the other hand, is the biggest source of government funding that covers medical, and other health-related services for the poorest people in the United States (Klees, Wolfe, & Curtis, 2010). However, Medicaid does not provide for all poor people; it covers only those who qualify for the inclusion criteria set by the legislators (Klees, Wolfe, & Curtis, 2010). The State Children’s Health Insurance Policy was established in 1997 to afford health care services to unins ured, low-income children; who were not eligible for Medicaid (American Academy of Pediatrics [AAP], 1997).

The Issues Faced In Product Feasibility Commerce Essay

The Issues Faced In Product Feasibility Commerce Essay This chapter will discuss the proposed product of the proponents. It includes a product description which highlights the special features, benefits and advantages of the product. A detailed product specification will be discussed to better describe the proposed product of the proponents. It will also include the raw materials, equipments and technology to be used in the production process. Product Description Product Name: ZILI Plus ZILI Plus is an herbal food supplement made from grinded cayenne pepper. Cayenne pepper is one of the most powerful herbs in the world because of its benefit to human body. It is made out of vegetable capsules which has the highest concentration of Capsaicin among other pepper herbs. Capsaicin, a compound found in Cayenne pepper, stimulates blood circulation and digestion. It contains Vitamins A and B complex as well as Vitamin C and K. The herb contributes significantly to a healthy heart and strong peripheral circulation. It contains mineral compounds that promote systemic cleansing, increase peripheral circulation, and promote overall health and well-being. The health-related history of cayenne pepper began with traditional Indian Ayurvedic practitioners and was later used in Asian countries like China, Japan and Korea. The vitamins, minerals, and compounds found in cayenne pepper work to cleanse the system and promote overall health and well-being. N-S-P-P-USP MODEL Need: General: Treatment for health conditions such as poor circulation, weak digestion, chronic pain, sore throats, headaches and toothaches. Digestion: used to reduce weight, stimulates body metabolism, stomach cramps, acidity, reflux and gas, and helps regulate digestion of carbohydrates, used as a remedy for constipation Circulation: maintain blood sugar levels, improve blood circulation, improve heart functions and prevent heart diseases. Muscle pains: Provides relief to rheumatic, joint, and arthritis pains External uses: use as a powerful coagulant (stops bleeding), wound-healing, disinfectant, USP (Unique Selling Proposition): It contains highly concentrated capsaicin found in no other herbal products; Used in cleansing the digestive tract and helps peripheral blood circulation. ZILI Plus as a Food Supplement: Maintains a healthy digestive system Cayenne pepper stimulates digestive system function. It helps to cleanse the digestive tract and to reduce gas buildup. Cayenne also stimulates gastric juice output and acts as a natural digestive agent. Maintains healthy circulation Cayenne pepper helps support healthy circulation and in particular, cayenne pepper helps to increase peripheral circulation. Cayenne pepper contains vitamin E which acts as an antioxidant that keeps the heart healthy. It also contains Vitamins C and K. These nutrients are associated with healthy blood circulation. Enhances metabolic efficiency ZILI Plus is made up of Capsaicin, an important alkaloid in cayenne pepper. It helps boost energy released by the body and therefore increases metabolism rate. Strengthens the immune system Cayenne pepper is one of the best sources of vitamin C and is often used to stimulate intense sweating. Cayenne pepper also contains folic and Para-benzoic acids, plus vitamins A and B-complex. Enhances the efficacy of other herbal and nutritional supplements Cayenne pepper is a catalyst for other herbs, primarily due to its oleoresin content, transporting them quickly to where they are needed most. Source: http://www.becomehealthynow.com/php/article/suppsvitb/385/ SUPPLEMENT FACTS Table 1.1 Serving Size 1 Capsules Amount Per Serving %Daily Value Cayenne (Capsicum frutescens) (fruits) 450 mg Other Ingredients: Plant Cellulose, Vegetable Magnesium Stearate Side Effects of ZILI Plus Gastrointestinal Side Effects Substance of cayenne pepper can cause stomach irritation in some individuals if taken. Anyone who is prone to heartburn is advised to talk to their doctors before taking cayenne pepper capsules. People with irritable bowel syndrome or stomach or intestinal ulcers may not be able to safely consume cayenne pepper supplements. Moisture Effects The body of the user may react to effects of capsaicin stimulation by producing extra moisture. A person taking cayenne pepper capsules may experience sweating, flushing, watery eyes, and a runny nose. Allergic Reaction Some individuals may experience an allergic reaction to cayenne pepper. Signs include difficulty breathing, chest pain, tightness in the throat or chest, a skin rash, hives, and itchy or swollen skin. An allergic reaction to cayenne pepper capsules should be considered a medical emergency. Kidney and Liver Issues Consuming too much capsaicin can cause kidney and liver damage. People should not exceed recommended doses, and anyone with kidney or liver problems should not take cayenne pepper capsules. Source: http://www.livestrong.com/article/121540-side-effects-cayenne-pepper-capsules/ Table 1.2 B-A-F Matrix Benefits to Customers Advantages V.S Competitors Features of the Product Food supplements Preserves nutritional integrity Easy to take Healthy lifestyle Cheaper than other health supplement 3 benefits in 1 capsule Prevents diseases All natural made Bottle used is push and twist. Best choice for diet We use capsule to prevent the real taste of the cayenne Easy to store. Can be put it anywhere Health heart, Stimulates digestion, healthy circulation Information is printed in the bottle Functions of Cayenne Pepper Cayenne or most commonly known as chili, is a popular spice used by various countries not only for cooking but also for medicinal purposes for thousands of years now. Capsaicin, the key ingredient which gives all kinds of pepper their heat, is the main natural chemical component of cayenne. Peppers are measured according to their heat, and usually, a pepper contains 0-15% of capsaicin. A peppers heat degree determines its usage and value. This means that the hotter the pepper, the more capsaicin it contains which also means that it has more usage and value. Capsaicin not only gives heat to the pepper, it also acts to reduce platelet stickiness and also relives pain. Other elements of cayenne are vitamin E, vitamin C, and carotenoids. C:UsersAPRILDocumentsEXPROJIMAGESfoodchart.php.jpg Source: http://www.healingdaily.com/detoxification-diet/cayenne.htm Health Benefits Cayenne pepper, not only adds heat and spice to the food but also an excellent source of vitamin A carotenoids including beta-carotene. Beta-carotene is highly important in our body for it helps in reducing the symptoms of asthma, osteoarthritis, and rheumatoid arthritis. Also, because of cayenne pepper contains antioxidant, it is very helpful in the prevention of free radical damages that can ultimately lead to atherosclerosis, colon cancer, and diabetic complications, nerve damage and heart diseases. Source: http://www.whfoods.com/genpage.php?tname=foodspicedbid=140 Cardio Vascular Benefits Cayenne and other red chili peppers are known to reduce blood cholesterol, triglyceride levels, and platelet aggregation. They are also known to increase the bodys ability to dissolve fibrin, a substance essential for the formation of blood clotting. Cayenne peppers are very helpful in reducing the risk of having heart attack, stroke, and pulmonary embolism. According to research studies, people who are accustomed to eating hot peppers like cayenne, has a lower rate or possibility to have such diseases. Prevent Stomach Ulcers Cayenne peppers does not cause ulcers, instead they help prevent such disease by killing the bacteria that you might have ingested in your body. While doing such, it also stimulates the cell lining in the stomach to help secrete protective buffering juices that would prevent ulcer formation. Product Specification This product comes in vegetable membrane capsules. Contained in a white round medicine plastic bottles that can accommodate 60 capsules of ZILI Plus Table1.3 Empty vegetable Capsule Physical Specifications SIZE OUTER DIAMETER (mm) HEIGHT OR LOCKED LENGTH (mm) CAPACITY (mg) 12 15.3 40.5 450 mg Vegetable Capsules Vegetable capsules are made from natural plant cellulose unlike gelatin capsules. It has the same function as gelatin capsules. Vegetable capsules are starch-free, gluten free and it does not contain preservatives. These capsules are made so that the demand of vegetarian and special cultural lifestyle would be met. Vegetable capsules are from HMPC (hydroxyl, propylm, methyl cellulose) which is comprised of plant cellulose. It has been widely used in food, cosmetics and pharmaceuticals all over the world. These capsules can also be coloured by natural edible colorants and can be imprinted with natural printing inks. Also vegetable capsules run smoothly on all kinds of high speed and semiautomatic filling machines. Source: http://www.ecvv.com/product/2168952.html Illustration 1.1 Capsule Specification 40.5 mm/ 4.05 ml *Scoville Units refer to the capsaicin level in a specific pepper or pepper product. The degree of heat in a particular pepper is directly proportional to the capsaicin level. BOTTLE: Height : 7.5cm or 2.95 inches Length: 5.5cm or 2.16 inches Width: 5.5 cm or 2.16 inches ZILI Plus Bottle Sizes: ZILI Plus bottle= 2.952.162.16 inches Weight: 27,000 mg per bottle Shape: Round Color Scheme: White Brand Name: ZILI Plus The proponents have decided to use ZILI Plus as our brand name because the product is made up of 100% natural spice herb with 3-in-1 health benefit. The name ZILI gives emphasis that the product is made up of spice herb particularly Cayenne Pepper. This gives us a competitive advantage because Singaporeans will be attracted to our brand name because of its Plus health benefits. Labeling: Direction for use: Take twice a day before meal. Do not exceed recommended doses to avoid complications. Best Before: 2 years from manufacturing. See bottom of bottle (DDMMYY) DOH logo: Recognized by DOH and BFAD that it is proven safe to use Manufactured by: ZILI Company Corp. 2111 MM Ave. Binan Laguna Ph, Economic Technical Developing Zone of Philippines Imported by: ZILI Corporation Philippines For more information: TEL. NO. 744-33-21/744-3322 or 1800-10-4546259 Production Process Production Process Flow Chart Note: Receiving of raw materials: Every month General Manager Quality checking of raw materials: Upon delivery General Manager STEP 1: Grinding The dried peppers are ground into fine powder using a fine spice mill. Illustration 1.3 277368.jpg STEP 2: Encapsulation Capsule filling machine will be used to fill the vegetable capsules with 4.5ml of grounded cayenne powder. Capsules will be fed into the machine, the filler then align, opens and accurately fills each capsule and recloses. Fillers generate minimum dust with lowest level of product loss. Non-separated, double loaded capsules and improperly inserted capsules are automatically rejected by machines to maintain the consistency in the quality of product. Illustration 1.4 Capsule Filling Machine Table 1.4 Machine Specification SPECIFICATION CAPSULE INSPECTION MACHINE Capacity 160,000 pcs/hr Machine size LxWxH (cm) 119mm X 126 mm X 223 mm Net Weight 1800 kg STEP 3: Capsule Inspection This inspection machine is designed and used for inspecting capsule or tablet which is spotty, broken, or not standard by vision through mechanically rotating the capsule over 360 degrees or turning the tablet from one surface to the other surface. The inspector can easily take out any bad capsule or tablet and collect together. Illustration 1.5 Capsule Inspection Machine Table 1.5 Machine Specification SPECIFICATION CAPSULE INSPECTION MACHINE Capacity 160,000 pcs/hr Machine size LxWxH (cm) 110x40x140 Net Weight 130 kg http://www.kwangdah.com/kdi-1.htm Step 4: Bottling Machines count out capsules and drop them into empty bottles standing like soldiers at attention on another conveyor belt. The bottles then move beneath a laser, which seals a protective liner over the bottles tops. Illustration 1.6 Bottling Machine main_bottle_capsule_counter.jpg Table 1.6 Bottling Specification SPECIFICATION BOTTLING MACHINE Capacity 60 bottles/minute No. of counting channels 16 Dimension 1980x1870x1740 mm Net Weight 130 kg Step 5: Capping Capping machines will be used to secure caps onto medicine bottles. This semi-automatic  capping machine allows  a single operator to perform routine activities quickly and accurately. Illustration 1.7 bottle_auto_capper_rotary_main.jpg Table 1.7 SPECIFICATION BOTTLING MACHINE Capacity 60 bottles/minute Cap diameter 10-60 mm Bottle diameter 15-100 mm Bottle height 50-150 mm Machine dimension 2400x1000x1900 mm Weight 700 kg Step 6: Labeling The fully-automatic, single-side labeling machine is an ideal machine for labeling round, oval, flat and square bottles. It can also be used for wrap-around labels. Illustration 1.8 bottle_labeler_single_sided_main.jpg Table 1.8 SPECIFICATION BOTTLING MACHINE Capacity 60 bottles/minute Bottle diameter 15-100 mm Bottle height 50-150 mm Machine dimension 2400x1000x1900 mm Weight 700 kg Step 7: Putting manufactured and expiration date Manual Stamping of manufacturing date and expiration date will be done by the employees. Expiration date will be 2 years after the manufacturing date. Step 8: Final Inspection A final inspection will be made to check the overall quality of the product. Check if the bottles are properly sealed and there are no cracks and stuffs. The quality control staff would use any or all of their five senses to examine and check the product. Step 9: Export Packing After passing final quality standard checks, products will be carefully packed in a carton box. It will be marked accordingly to ensure proper handling of the product. Sealed with packing tape, it will be then be fitted into a wooden crate which is mounted on a pallet for loading convenience. CARTON BOX 22.44 inches 14.37 inches 11.22 inches The dimension of the carton is 14.3722.4411.22 (inches). In 1 carton there will be 200 ZILI Plus bottles. Computation to know how many ZILI Plus bottles will be placed in a carton : (14.3722.4411.22=3618.03)/ (3.502.162.16=16.33) =221.55 OR 200 boxes The excess space is for the divider inside the box. The box must contain the following labels: Company name: ZILI PLUS Product name: ZILI Plus: Cayenne Pepper Capsules Batch Number Bar Code Precautions measures for handling Country of origin Volume content: 5,400,000 ( 27,000mg x 200) or 54 kilograms Gantt ChartC:UsersAPRILDocumentsEXPROJIMAGESgantt-revised.jpg Maximum Daily Production: 2,100 Bottles 60 Capsule per bottle 450mg per capsule 27,000 mg per bottle 56,700,000 mg or 56.7kg in 2100 bottles 126,000 capsule in 2100 bottles Analysis: From 8:00 am to 8:25 am The Grinding Machine will grind 56,700,000 mg or 56.7kg of dried cayenne pepper in to powder. This is will take 25 minutes. From 8:25 am to 9:15 am Encapsulation Machine will have output of 126,000 capsules. This will take 50 minutes. From 9:15 am to 10:05 am Capsule Inspection machine can inspect 126,000 capsules. This will take also 50 minutes. From 10:00 am to 10:30 am There will be 1 batch of worker will take 15 minutes break and another batch will be for the next 15 minutes, so the machine will not shut down, the machine will work continuously. From 10:05 am to 10:40 am Bottling Machine will put the capsule in the bottle and ready for capping. This will take 35 minutes. From 10:40 am to 11:15 am The Capping Machine will cap the bottles that came from Bottling. This will take 35 minutes. From 11:15 am to 11:50 am The Labeling Machine will put sticker of the label in the bottle. This will take 35 minutes. From 11:50 pm to 1:30 pm The workers will put manufacturing and expiration date in the bottle manually. This will take 1hr and 40 minutes. From 12:00 pm to 2:00 pm The will be also divided in two batch, 1st batch will eat lunch from 12:00 pm to 1:00pm and another batch will take their lunch from 1:00 pm to 2:00 pm. So there will be no stoppage or shut down of machine. From 1:30 pm to 3:15 pm The product will have a final inspection of the capping whether it is cap well, labeling whether the sticker is put in the bottle orderly and lastly the inspect in the every bottle whether there is manufacturing and expiration date. From 3:00 pm to 3:30 There will be another break of 15 minutes per batch of workers, and will have a total of 30 minutes for 2 batch of workers. From 3:30 pm to 5:00 pm The worker will put all bottles in the boxes manually, 100 bottles per box, so there will be a total of 21 boxes in a daily. Estimated Production capacity Table 1.9 Production Estimates Kg Capsules Bottles Daily 56.7 126,000 2,100 Weekly 340.2 756,000 12,600 Monthly 1,360.8 3,024,000 50,400 Annually 16,329.6 36,288,000 604,800 Production Process Estimates: Amount of grounded cayenne pepper per day = 56,700,000 Amount of grounded cayenne pepper per capsule= 450 mg Total no. of capsules produced in a day = 2,100 capsules Total no. of capsules in a bottle = 60 capsules Gantt Chart of Shipping Month Year January February March April May June July August September October November December 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 Twice a Month 20ft Container (232.2892.5294.09=2,022,045.436) / (14.3722.4411.22=3618.03) = 558.88 or 558 Boxes 111,600 Bottles Need 2 Months and 2 day to Fill the 20ft Container 200 Bottles per Box 1st Year (LCL) 157 Boxes Every Shipping 31,400 Bottle 2nd and 3rd Year (LCL) 315 Boxes Every Shipping 63,000 Bottle 4th and 5th Year (FCL) 472 Boxes Every Shipping 94,400 Bottles

Essay --

As a little boy, I have always been interested with machines and mechanical engineering. Lego bricks got me interested with building all sorts of buildings, cars and even trains. I would like to learn the skills needed to build machines and produce them for a career. Smart and intelligent minds help to create marvels in transportation including the cars people drive every day. Designing and producing new machines can improve human activity from mechanical engineering. For example, automobiles and can be made to run better, worse or on completely different fuels to run at an enormous rate. Mechanical engineering runs the world and makes things happen with technology. Machines in factories make goods items to be sold for everyone to use such as the production of tools. The world revolves around these fields. Without mechanical engineering the world would be a much different place. The electronics, vehicles, and houses come into effect with mechanical engineering. A big jump wa s the industrial revolution that happened in the 18th century. New machines were created to help fulfill the needs of the people and are still being used today. Mechanical engineering breaks into many different fields including civil engineering and aerospace engineering. Civil engineering allows one to build buildings and forms of infrastructure. Examples would be bridges, tunnels; even the empire state building. Aerospace deals with aerodynamics improving speed and drag for travel in cars, trains, and planes. Aerospace is an expanding field with NASA to make spaceships travel with relative ease to cut down fuel usage to space. I would like to design the engines for motor vehicles and have it for a sports team. Mechanical engineering is a fiel... ...n water. The workout equipment was easy to clean, but not the uniforms. My mentor and I went to try and dry them out, but eventually ended up taking them to the dry cleaners and getting them nice and clean. The way a business runs is not always easy and yet the customer does come first as well as a player in the sport facility. My mentor was one that showed a really perspective on how the real world runs in the today events. Ne moment there may be a ton of orders that are coming in for a place of a machine of store faculty will breakdown. The one thing I have learned no matter what from my mentor in job shadowing is to be ready and orgies to expect the good or bad occurrences. The reason for choosing the topic was a backup for a career it something goes wrong or that I don’t get involved in mechanical engineering. Sports business and training was the topic.

Consequences of colonialism in India Essay

Colonialism of Britain in India impacted heavily on different levels of life and culture. The indigenous languages of the natives in India were being wiped out and the English language began spreading very quickly. The Europeans aimed at altering the Indian culture to more a European style. India depended so much on Great Britain for technological advances and manufactured goods because Britain used India as its market. India provides raw materials for the factories in Britain during industrial revolution. The goods manufactured in Britain were transported to India for marketing; therefore India’s technological advance was at purr with Britain’s technological on gaining independence. India’s economy deteriorated very rapidly because now it had to learn to depend on itself rather than on the other nations. Developments in India have been so slow and as a result India is still undergoing industrial revolution. Indians were treated as second-class citizens in their own nation because they were not granted their human rights in their own nation and were not allowed to hold government positions. They were paid very minimal wages than their European counterparts who they worked with on the same kind of jobs. They were used as slaves to construct railways, build roads and harbors and were paid very little wages. Colonialism in India led to mass economic bitterness and social- cultural cleavage. These led to creation of anti colonial rational liberation movements. These movements were aimed at attaining independence from the colonialists. Cultural and religious movements that aimed at emphasizing on a national identity based on traditions and cultural values were formed they fought so hard to retain their cultural beliefs and values. Great Britain assimilated the Indian culture making Britain a nation of diverse cultures because most Indians migrated to Britain. Britain is still home to many Indians. Colonial systems had a tendency of financing one ethnic, racial or cultural group by giving them a higher status in the society. As a result this led to inter group and tribal rivalries. This also created unequal distribution of resources. Favored groups were given the privilege of assessing important resources that allowed them to develop themselves at the expense of those outside the cultural group. This has led to the dominant groups enforcing political economical, governmental and social policies that led to unequal distribution of resources among their nations. The colonizers often violated the human rights of those people living in the colonized areas. This was affected when they enacted unjust policies that deprived the colonized subjects of their lands, resources, cultural and religious belief. They even committed murder against their colonies. These unjust policies were seen in the form of slavery, mass murder and apartheid. The colonial empires controlled and operated their colonized governments from abroad or through the use of a selected domestic privileged group . As a result when these nations gained independence they lacked the internal structure and institutions to create good governance systems. During the British Empire, there was an increase of population in the rural areas and reduced employment, which weakened the traditional status of peasants in rural settings . The loss of lands degraded the peasants to the status of squatters. This led them to become agricultural laborers in their own lands. The living conditions of the peasants were degraded when the prices of the basic necessities other than food increased. Economic development depends on available resources, cultural changes, transformation of political systems and ways in which society adapts to the requirements of technological process. Countries that embraced their colonizers culture and political systems adapted to a rapidly growing economic systems. China and Singapore were fast to adapt and learn the technological advances from Britain and this has put them on an economical fore front in the world. The legacy of colonialism left African leaders with a fear of any form of political opposition. These leaders sacrificed political unity among tribes for their own good. These political leaders made accumulation of power and political survival their priority at the expense of economic development. These political leaders sought to develop and increase national wealth rather than the people’s welfare. This has led to the dependence on the colonies and west countries for technology and development. As a result their economies declined at very elevated rates, they argued that western knowledge and development was superior their native knowledge and therefore they should do anything possible to adopt the western lifestyle. Colonization transfers wealth from the colonized countries to the colonizers leading to inhibition of successful development of economies of the colonized countries. Colonialists have used neo-colonialism to cause political psychological and moral damages to the colonized countries. Colonialism opened up East Asia to the agricultural worlds market and all the instabilities associated with the world market forces. Peasant farmers lost access to resources that had been an important element in making ends meet. The colonial system turned everything into private property pushing many people into dependence on wage labor. In Korea, Japan colonization destroyed the education system that had been improving positively. Most of the missionary schools in Korea were replaced by private schools that did not offer quality education. The education that Koreans received was based on educating them to become better citizens of the Japanese empire of a lower level. The education given only provided the basics needed for the work that they were to perform. Korean economy grew very well under the Japanese rule between 1910 and 1945. Both the mining and manufacturing industries grew more than the period before the rule, but despite this the Japanese held higher skilled and highly paid jobs. All the riches gained from the growth of the economy were distributed among the Japanese who owned most of the companies, while the Koreans remained poor in their own countries. Koreans played a very small part in the modernization of their economy. With the end of Japanese colonialism, the economy of Korea decreased and collapsed. Total industrial outputs decreased at very high rates when the Japanese managers and workers left, they also left the financial agricultural and banking systems in destruction. The Japanese colonial systems only favoured a few Koreans allowing them into government and financial systems that made them grow and prosper. However majority of the companies that did not find favor suffered and collapsed. Colonialism had a bad influence on the cultural identity of the colonized counties. This detached many people from their heritage and their identity colonizers have done first by oppression where they force the colonized regions to adapt foreign languages and foreign religions. Conclusion Colonialism had both negative and positive effects on the political, economical and social systems of the colonized regions. They eroded the cultural and traditional beliefs of the communities but still impacted positively on their economic growth. They introduced technological advances that assisted in developing countries economies. However I would say that the effects of colonialism in general were negative since they left scars in those countries that were hard to heal. Bibliography Atiyah Jeremy. The rough Guide South East. Asia. Rough Guides, 2002 pg. 230 Castle Gregory.Post – colonial discourses. Blackwell publishing, 2001p. 330. Christine J. Clive. Ideology and Revolution in South East Asia 1900 – 1980. Routledge, 2001 p. 39. Everett – Heath Tom. Central Asia aspects of transition. Routledge, 2003 p. 80 Goodwin Jeff. No other way out: states and revolutionary movements 1945 – 1991. London, 2001 pg. 200. Hack Karl. Rettig Tobias. Colonial Armies in South East Asia. Routledge 2006, pg. 195 Kiratoska H. Paul. South East Asia colonial History. South East Asia, 2001. p. 150. Lazarus Neil. National and cultural practice in the post – colonial world. Cambridge 1999 p. 45. Mendl wolf. Japan and south East Asia. Routedge. 2001 p. 55. Milton – Edwards. Contemporary politics in the Middle East. Polity, 2006 p. 46. Milton – Edwards Beverly. Conflicts in the Middle East since 1945. Routledge. 2001 p. 70. Pappe ilan. The modern Middle East. Routledge, 2005. p. 38. Schwarz Henry & Ray Sangeeta. A companion to Postcolonial studies Blackwell publishing 2000. p. 150. White Stephen. Communism and its collapse. Routledge 2001. p. 28. Young C & Robert J. Post colonialism: An historical introduction. Black well publishing 2001, p. 94.

Case Study – Richard Phillips and family

In considering the actions available for the police and the social worker, this essay will initially look at the background to the present youth justice system. It will go on to consider areas of tension and conflict that exist at a number of levels within the system, for example the conflict between the welfare model of the Children Act 1989 and the justice model that underpins the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. It will examine the rights, duties and responsibilities of those involved before going on to summarise the impacts of the actions that might be taken. †¦ Youth justice has always been a contentious subject. Some people take the view that what is required is a â€Å"get tough† approach, while others see a more positive approach to the issue in welfare and community based initiatives†¦ † (Workbook 3, p 38). A consequence of this has been that â€Å"†¦ The relationship between social work and the criminal justice system has been one of tension and ambivalence since the demise of the rehabilitative ideal of the latter decades of the twentieth century†¦ (Reader, Worrall and Souhami, p 120). Had Richard's alleged offence taken place thirty years ago it would have been dealt with against the background of the Children and Young Persons Act 1969 where the aim was to depoliticise and decriminalise youth offending. The welfare principle contained in the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 would also apply. Together, these acts require courts to give concern to the welfare of the child in youth justice proceedings. This doctrine was influenced by the developmental theory of adolescence which supports the view that while young people may commit minor crime as a part of the growing up process, they will naturally come to see such behaviour as unacceptable and reform themselves. Formal intervention would only serve to bring young people into the crime system, tarnish their prospects, and consequently, increase the likelihood of re-offending and ultimately, the numbers of victims. However, shortly after the passing of the 1969 Act, the political tide had changed. Magistrates became unhappy with social workers and custodial sentences increased. (Reader, Worrall and Souhami, p 123). Throughought the 1980s the tension between the two models led to a â€Å"†¦ twin track approach to tackling juvenile crime†¦ † (Workbook 3, p 38). The â€Å"get tough† lobby were satisfied by the introduction of the short sharp shock of new detention centres and yet at the same time politicians saw the dangers of criminalising young people. Change was inevitable and by 1996 the Audit Commission had published a report called â€Å"Misspent Youth† which was very critical of the youth justice system. This led to the Home Office paper â€Å"No More Excuses† with its model of â€Å"restorative justice† which was a precursor to the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 and the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999. The 1998 Act has a statutory aim of prevention of offending by children and it is against this background that Richard's alleged offence will be treated. The political pendulum had swung from a culture that saw the welfare principles as the key to reducing offending, to one that, whilst recognising rights and welfare, sees them as subsidiary to the principles of restorative justice. These principles are; restoration, where young offenders apologise and make amends, reintegration, where they pay their debt to society then rejoin it, and responsibility, which involves accepting the consequences of offending. The Act also abolished the legal doctrine of doli incapax, removing the burden of proof on prosecuting lawyers that a child defendant under the age of fourteen knew what he did was wrong (Workbook 3 pp 38 – 45 and Reader, Vernon, p 221) A clear example of this swing from welfare to justice is in the context of the Child Safety Orders introduced by the 1998 act. Breach of such an order can mean a child under ten is taken into care â€Å"†¦ irrespective of whether the threshold criteria contained in s. 31 (2) of the Children Act 1989 are satisfied†¦ † thus overriding the welfare principle (Workbook 3 p 40). Confusingly however, a contemporaneous counterbalance has been the introduction of Human Rights legislation such as the Human Rights Act 1998 as well as ratification of the United Nations Conventions on the Rights of the child. This legislation tends to reinforce the welfare principle. Stuart Vernon's comment that â€Å"†¦ hese are interesting times for youth court magistrates†¦ † is very relevant to this debate (Reader, Vernon, p 222), because it recognises the tensions that arise resulting from the divergent views held by all those involved and the resultant uncertainty as to outcomes; for victims and perpetrators of crime and their representatives. Having looked at the background to the tensions and conflicts it is now appropriate to consider how they impact on what happens next in Richard's case. Among the reforms introduced by the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 was the establishment of Youth Offending Teams (YOTs). Prior to the act, a social worker would have had responsibility for Richard's case and would involve other professionals as necessary. The Act changed this by shifting the responsibility to multi-disciplinary YOTs which comprise professionals from social services, the police, probation services, the health authority and the education authority. The establishment of these teams involved huge change and conflict between the occupational cultures of the different disciplines, for example, â€Å"†¦ police officers disliking â€Å"woolly† social workers and social work stereotypes of anti-youth police officers†¦ (Reader, Watson p 246). The Act also introduced a system of reprimands and final warnings doing away with the former system of cautions. (Reader, Watson pp 242-248). â€Å"†¦ The police are responsible for the investigation of crime. This responsibility includes the arrest, detention and questioning of suspects†¦ † (Workbook 3 p 10). The police have contacted the YOT because they want to question Richard. Under the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984, (PACE) Richard is classified as a â€Å"vulnerable† suspect and it his right not to be questioned without the presence of what is known as an â€Å"Appropriate Adult†. This right can only be overridden in very exceptional circumstances which must be authorised by a police officer of superintendent rank or above and the circumstances must be recorded in the custody record. Amongst the functions of the YOT is the provision of an appropriate adult service and these duties are often performed by a social worker. (Reader, Watson, p 244 and Workbook 3 p 73). The rile of the appropriate adult is to â€Å"†¦ provide comfort and support to a child who might otherwise be disorientated in strange surroundings†¦ (Workbook 3, p 73). She should check that the child has had nourishment and is not under the influence of drugs or alcohol and is generally in a fit state to be questioned. Under the PACE code of practice guidance, it is stated that a parent or guardian should normally undertake this function; but in this case, Richard has refused to involve his parents. In any event, the parent may not have â€Å"†¦ the experience or confidence needed to represent the child effectively in the potentially hostile atmosphere of the custody suite†¦ † (Workbook 3, p 73) It appears that Richard has not requested the presence of a solicitor and it is the duty of the social worker to encourage him to do so and explain the advantages. Marie Kearns, a youth justice worker describes how this can heighten the tension between the police and social workers because it will involve delay and the solicitor may encourage a â€Å"no comment† interview. â€Å"†¦ The police may on occasions feel they â€Å"know† who has committed a particular offence, and they do not want the interference of solicitors and â€Å"do gooding† social workers to allow the guilty to walk free†¦ (Workbook 3, p 75). At this stage and indeed every stage, the social worker must practice within the Code of Practice of the General Social Care Council. It is very important to avoid being dragged into the police culture which is a risk in a multi-disciplinary team (Reader, Worrall & Souhami, pp128/9). The social worker must practice in an anti-oppressive way, despite the seriousness of the alleged offence, working in partnership with Richard and keeping him informed about the processes and his rights at all times. It is equally important to practice in a way that is anti-discriminatory, not making any judgements about Richard because of his background (Workbook 1 pp 10 -13). The concept of partnership working between agencies involved with the welfare of children is now enshrined in law in section 10 of the Children Act 2004. Once the interview has taken place the police have to decide if there is sufficient evidence to charge Richard. They also have the option to issue a final warning under section 65 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998. A further reprimand is not an option because Richard has already had one. The social worker can do little to influence this decision as it is solely a matter for the police. (Workbook 3 p 53 and Law Card S35). In Richard's case, it is apparent that the police intend to charge him. Section 38 of the Police and Criminal Evidence Act 1984 recommends that children aged between ten and sixteen should be released; with or without bail once charged unless certain conditions are met. These conditions are several, but two examples are; when the custody officer has reasonable grounds to believe that detention is necessary to protect the defendant, or if it is in the defendant's best interests (Workbook 3, pp 54/5). The police have decided, in Richard's case, that the conditions are met and intend to detain him. A decision that will highlight the â€Å"†¦ continuous conflict between care and control†¦ † (Reader Worrall and Souhami, p 121) that is part of the social worker's remit. Richard's detention will normally be in local authority accommodation. This can be in the form of secure or non secure accommodation. The local authority has the power to decide where Richard is to be placed and this decision will rest with the social worker; availability of suitable accommodation being a significant feature. If the decision is to place Richard in secure accommodation then this will be subject to the provisions of Section 25 of the Children Act 1989 which allows secure placement for up to seventy two hours, but only if the child has a history of absconding or is a danger to himself or others if kept in non secure accommodation; a difficult decision for the social worker in this case. Further detention is not allowed without court intervention. There are strongly held views about whether the welfare principle of the Children Act applies in these circumstances. In 1995 the Court of Appeal stated that in such cases, whilst the welfare of the child is not irrelevant, it is not paramount. Again, confusingly however, it also ruled that social workers performing the functions of Guardian ad litem should make their reports based on what is in the best interests of the child. In practice, if the custody officer decides that provision of local authority accommodation is neither practicable nor available then Richard would remain in police custody. Contacting his parents would then become imperative (Workbook 2 p, 93 and Workbook 3 p 55). It is also important to remember Rob, who is the victim. He is also a child and is entitled to the same rights as Richard. The Local Authority also has both general duties towards him, and specific ones should the circumstances result in Rob being regarded as a child â€Å"in need† under Section 17 of the Children Act 1989 (Workbook 2 pp 18-19). His father has insisted that action be taken against Richard but it is appropriate to consider Rob's wishes; the wishes and needs of victims being an important principle of the National Standards for Youth Justice (Workbook 3 p 34). As soon as is practicable, the next task for the police is to arrange for Richard to appear before the youth court, a panel of local magistrates. They would have the option to either release Richard with or without bail or to remand him to Local Authority accommodation. Again there is room for conflict, because such accommodation may not be locally available and this could infringe Richard's right to education under both the 1998 Human Rights Act and The United Nations Convention on Rights of the Child. Interestingly, the convention appears to recognise the potential for conflict between justice and welfare using the word â€Å"primary† rather than â€Å"paramount† in Article 3 in the context of the best interests of children (Workbook, pp 16 – 17). In practice, much would depend on the outcome of the efforts to find Richard's parents. If the case goes to trial, this would also be in the youth courts where the culture has changed considerably in recent years, partly because of the tension between the welfare and justice models. In a very high profile case in 1993, two children were convicted of the murder of another child, Jamie Bulger. The intimidating nature of the trial was the subject of much criticism by human rights lawyers and in 1999, the European Court of Human Rights found that the trial breached Article 6. 1 of the European Convention on Human Rights (now incorporated into the Human Rights Act 1998) which guarantees people who are accused of crimes, the right to an effective participation in their trial. The resultant changes in the youth courts mean the use of clear language, an informal layout, better information for victims, better feedback for magistrates and more frequent lifting of reporting restrictions (Workbook 3, pp 57 – 59). If Richard pleads guilty, then as this is his first offence, a Referral Order under sections 1 – 7 of the Youth Justice and Criminal Evidence Act 1999 is likely. This would involve making a contract between Richard and the YOT aimed at reparation and prevention of re-offending (Law Card C32 (EW)). A not guilty plea means the magistrates must decide on his guilt, based upon the evidence. In the event of Richard's guilt being established, the next social work task is the preparation of the pre-sentence report â€Å"†¦ the social worker's most important contribution to the youth court†¦ (Workbook 3, p 60) which allows the court to make an informed decision based on comprehensive and accurate information about Richard. The report would be written in accordance with the National Standards for Youth Justice with a number of standard headings: Sources of information, which would include information gathered from school and home, an analysis of the offence including the impact on the victim, an assessment of the offender including risk to the community and risk of re-offending and a conclusion that would include a sentencing recommendation. (Workbook 3 p 62). The report must take into account the welfare principle of the Children and Young Persons Act 1933 as well as the aim of section 37 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 which is to prevent re-offending. It must be written in a way that is consistent with the core values of the Code of Practice for Social Workers with anti-discriminatory practice being a particular feature in the light of an HM Inspectorate of Probation review finding that African-Caribbeans are over represented in reports that recommend custodial sentences (Workbook 3, pp 62 – 63). After reading the report the magistrates must decide upon a sentence. A wide range is available, formerly under a number of different pieces of legislation but now incorporated into the Powers of the Criminal Courts (Sentences) Act 2000. In Richard's case a Supervision Order under sections 63-68 of the act is likely, or an Action Plan order under section 69. These orders can include specific requirements such as where Richard is to live, what he is to do, and compliance with his supervisor's directions. The orders can last for up to three years. At the other end of the scale, should Richard re-offend, then a Detention and Training order under section 73 of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 would be available. This would deprive him of his liberty (Workbook 3, pp 65 – 67 and Update Supplement, p 22) and increase the likelihood of an ongoing spiral of crime, the worst impact for Richard (Workbook 3, p 68). In conclusion then, it can be seen that conflict and tension feature strongly in youth justice. Some people argue that aspects of the Crime and Disorder Act 1998 are unnecessary if the resources were made available to allow Local Authorities to carry out their duty to prevent offending that is stated in schedule 2 of the Children Act 1989. The 1998 act also has a preventative aim although only 2. 5% of the budget is committed to it (Workbook 3, p 46). It is against this background that social workers in youth justice face the challenge of how to operate in a system where the measures of success are constantly swinging between retributive and rehabilitative goals, without compromising their own Professional Code of Practice (Workbook 3, p 5).